3rd Putnam 1940

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Problem A4

p is a positive constant. Let R is the curve y2 = 4px. Let S be the mirror image of R in the y-axis (y2 = - 4px). R remains fixed and S rolls around it without slipping. O is the point of S initially at the origin. Find the equation for the locus of O as S rolls.

 

Solution

Straightforward.

Answer: x(x2 + y2) + 2p y2 = 0.

Take the point of contact as (X, Y), so Y2 = 4pX. The tangent at to R at this point has gradient 2p/Y, and hence has equation (y - Y) = 2p/Y (x - X). The perpendicular to the tangent through the origin has equation x = - 2p/Y y. If (x, y) is their point of intersection, then (2x, 2y) is the point O (since S in its new position is the reflection of R in the tangent).

Solving for x, y: y = Y3/(2(Y2 + 4p2) ), x = - 2p/Y = - pY/(Y2 + 4p2). So the point O is (-2pY2/(Y2 + 4p2), Y3/(Y2 + 4p2) ) (*). Using Y = -2py/x, we get x = -2py2/(x2 + y2), or x(x2 + y2) + 2p y2 = 0 (**). We have shown that the locus is given by (*) and that all points on (*) are on (**). However, we must check that (**) does not include additional points. Writing (**) as y2 = - x3/(x + 2p), shows that for each value of x in the range (-2p, 0) there are exactly two possible values of y, and the only other point on (**) is the origin. Inspection shows that the same is true for (*), so the two expressions are equivalent.

 


 

3rd Putnam 1940

© John Scholes
jscholes@kalva.demon.co.uk
15 Sep 1999