46th Putnam 1985

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Problem B4

Let C be the circle radius 1, center the origin. A point P is chosen at random on the circumference of C, and another point Q is chosen at random in the interior of C. What is the probability that the rectangle with diagonal PQ, and sides parallel to the x-axis and y-axis, lies entirely inside (or on) C?

 

Solution

Answer: 4/π2.

Given P, let R be the rectangle inscribed in C with sides parallel to the axes. Then the rectangle with diagonal PQ lies entirely inside C iff Q lies inside R.

Let O be the center of C. Let the diameter of C parallel to the y-axis make an angle θ with OP. Then the area of R is 4 sin θ cos θ. So the required probability is 2/π ∫0π/2 (4 sin θ cos θ)/π dθ = 4/π20π/2 sin 2θ dθ = 4/π2.

 


 

46th Putnam 1985

© John Scholes
jscholes@kalva.demon.co.uk
7 Jan 2001