37th IMO 1996 shortlist

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Problem 19

We start with the numbers a, b, c, d. We then replace them with a' = a - b, b' = b - c, c' = c - d, d' = d - a. We carry out this process 1996 times. Is it possible to end up with numbers A, B, C, D such that |BC - AD|, |AC - BD|, |AB - CD| are all primes?

 

Solution

Answer: no.

The first 4 iterations give:
a - b   b - c   c - d   d - a
a-2b+c   b-2c+d   c-2d+a nbsp; d-2a+b
a-3b+3c-d   b-3c+3d-a   c-3d+3a-b   d-3a+3b-c
2a-4b+6c-4d   2b-4c+6d-4a   2c-4d+6a-4b   2d-4a+6b-4c

So after 4 iterations the numbers are all even. Any common factor is preserved by an iteration, so after 1996 iterations the numbers are all multiples of 2. Hence |BC - AD|, |AC - BD|, |AB - CD| are all multiples of 4, so none of them are prime.

 


 

37th IMO shortlist 1996

© John Scholes
jscholes@kalva.demon.co.uk
16 Dec 2002